RHD is a serious condition that arises from rheumatic fever, which is an inflammatory response to infections caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. It remains a significant public health issue in Nepal, with both medical and surgical management posing unique challenges. RHD primarily affects children and young adults in resource-poor settings. It leads to damage to heart valves, particularly the mitral valve, and can result in severe heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke if left untreated.
Surgery may be necessary for individuals with severe rheumatic heart disease to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
The primary cause of RHD is repeated infections with group A Streptococcus bacteria.
Risk factors include:
A thorough medical history and physical examination, listening for heart murmurs or signs of valve damage. Imaging tests such as chest x-ray, echocardiograms to assess heart function and valve conditions
Surgery is often necessary for patients with significant valve damage or heart failure symptoms. Post-surgery, patients may require ongoing monitoring and medication to manage their heart health.
Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent strep infections
In severe cases, surgery may be required which includes but not limited to
Involves reconstructing the damaged valve to restore normal function.
Valve Replacement: Involves replacing the damaged valve with a mechanical or biological valve.
Prompt treatment of strep throat with antibiotics
Education on recognizing symptoms of strep infections
Regular medical check-ups for those with a history of rheumatic fever
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